Programming Forums > Application Development > Assembly

DaWei · Nov 30th, 2006, 10:53 PM

There are representations of values and true binary values. The ASCII code is a representation. To get the actual value, see my first post. If the instruction gives you the number already reduced to its true binary value, then all you have to do is work with it. Please read the posts and think about them. The effer is binary. The print converts it to ink on paper or glowing dots on some other output media. It's still binary in your machine. Ones and zeros. In (for typical integers) weighted positions.

cwl157 · Nov 30th, 2006, 10:56 PM

when i enter 1 for an input i get 0x34020005 does that mean anything?

cwl157 · Nov 30th, 2006, 10:59 PM

so when i print it to the screen it prints 4 cause thats what people understand? So then in the machine its binary. So then if i work with the number no matter what it prints to the screen when i'm working with it in xor gates and all that it should be the binary equivilent even though there is no way for me to see it to make sure?

The Dark · Nov 30th, 2006, 11:12 PM

Quote:

Originally Posted by cwl157

when i enter 1 for an input i get 0x34020005 does that mean anything?

Get 0x34020005 where? How do you know you got that value?

The Dark · Nov 30th, 2006, 11:13 PM

Quote:

Originally Posted by cwl157

so when i print it to the screen it prints 4 cause thats what people understand? So then in the machine its binary. So then if i work with the number no matter what it prints to the screen when i'm working with it in xor gates and all that it should be the binary equivilent even though there is no way for me to see it to make sure?

Yes its binary internally - there may be a way to print it out as binary, but I don't know how.

cwl157 · Nov 30th, 2006, 11:41 PM

i went step by step in the simulator im using called pcspim and when i entered the value 1 thats what it gave me. So if its binary internally then i should be able to do all the xor stuff as entered even if the user is required to enter a decimal number?

DaWei · Dec 1st, 2006, 7:08 AM

When a user enters a decimal number it is typically presented to the system as a chain of decimal digits expressed in some binary code (ASCII, EBCDIC, unicode, etc.). If your machine doesn't automatically handle the decoding (most don't), then it's your responsibility. Typically, this is done by reducing each digit to its unweighted, actual value and then recombining it using the appropriate decimal weights. I'm compelled to say that you seem to be messing around under the hood without having been taught about nuts, bolts, wrenches, and carburetors.

cwl157 · Dec 4th, 2006, 3:20 PM

ok so i think i got i incrementing for the loop. Now how do I know when all the bits have been shifted and i can exit the loop? Also, i don't know how to print things i wish i could so i could see whats actually happening.

(Toggle Plain Text)

.text

main:
	la $a0,prompt_in      #print prompt on terminal
	li $v0,4              #prints a string on the terminal
	syscall

	li $v0,5	      #reads in an integer
	syscall
	sw $v0,num1
	#move $a0,$v0
	#li $v0,1	      #prints integer
	#syscall

	la $a0,prompt_ina      #print prompt on terminal
	li $v0,4               #prints a string on the terminal
	syscall

        li $v0,5	       #reads in an integer
	syscall
	sw $v0,num2

	lw $v0,num1
	lw $t0,num2
	move $s1, $zero		#s1 is the counter
loop:
	addi $s1, $s1, 1	#i = i + 1
	
	xor $v1,$v0,$t0
	#bit shift one bit
	#compare those
	#keep going till there are no more bits
	#do the same thing but have the comparison be an and
	#then increment a counter for each 1 returned.
	#return counter as the hamming distance
	


	li $v0,10              #exit program
	syscall



.data
prompt_in:    .asciiz "Enter first integer: "            # first integer
prompt_ina:    .asciiz "Enter second integer: "          #second integer
prompt_out:   .asciiz "The hamming distance is "
num1: .word 0
num2: .word 0

DaWei · Dec 4th, 2006, 3:33 PM

You shift in a loop until you have shifted as many times as there are bits in the register or registers in question. Again, I can't give you specifics, such as how to output a value; I don't know the MIPS. Still, these operations should be a part of your documentation. Almost bound to be a syscall for it. At least, you have those. When you start with a raw micro and no library stuff, you have to write it all.

cwl157 · Dec 4th, 2006, 7:16 PM

alright now its saying that all the stuff in the .data section is undefined.

(Toggle Plain Text)

.text

main:
	la $a0,prompt_in      #print prompt on terminal
	li $v0,4              #prints a string on the terminal
	syscall

	li $v0,5	      #reads in an integer
	syscall
	sw $v0,num1
	#move $a0,$v0
	#li $v0,1	      #prints integer
	#syscall

	la $a0,prompt_ina      #print prompt on terminal
	li $v0,4               #prints a string on the terminal
	syscall

        li $v0,5	       #reads in an integer
	syscall
	sw $v0,num2

	lw $v0,num1
	lw $t0,num2
	move $s1, $zero		#s1 is the counter
loop:	
	addi $s1, $s1, 1	#i = i + 1
	
	#xor $v1,$v0,$t0	#compare $v0 and $t0 and store in $v1
	lw $v2, num3[i]		#load the contents of num3[i] into $v2
	move $v2,$v1		#move the conntents of $v1 into $v2
	sw $v2, num3[i]		#save the contents $v2 into num3[i]
	#bit shift one bit
	#repeat loop
loop:
	#load array
	#increment counter for each i
	#return counter as hamming distance

        la $a0,prompt_out      #print prompt on terminal
	li $v0,4              #prints a string on the terminal
	syscall



	li $v0,10              #exit program
	syscall



.data
prompt_in:    .asciiz "Enter first integer: "            # first integer
prompt_ina:    .asciiz "Enter second integer: "          #second integer
prompt_out:   .asciiz "The hamming distance is "
num1: .word 0
num2: .word 0
#num3: .word 0,0,0					#array to hold 1's

Also any idea of what to initialize that array to. It's gonna have to be big enough to hold the largest of the numbers entered because it has to have enough spaces to hold one bit for each bit that the numbers are.

Nov 30th, 2006, 10:53 PM	#11
DaWei Resident Grouch Join Date: Jun 2005 Posts: 6,453 Rep Power: 10	There are representations of values and true binary values. The ASCII code is a representation. To get the actual value, see my first post. If the instruction gives you the number already reduced to its true binary value, then all you have to do is work with it. Please read the posts and think about them. The effer is binary. The print converts it to ink on paper or glowing dots on some other output media. It's still binary in your machine. Ones and zeros. In (for typical integers) weighted positions. __________________ Abstraction doesn't make it impossible to write bad code; it makes it possible to write superior code. Contributor's Corner: Grumpy on C++ Exceptions DaWei on Pointers

Dec 1st, 2006, 7:08 AM	#17
DaWei Resident Grouch Join Date: Jun 2005 Posts: 6,453 Rep Power: 10	When a user enters a decimal number it is typically presented to the system as a chain of decimal digits expressed in some binary code (ASCII, EBCDIC, unicode, etc.). If your machine doesn't automatically handle the decoding (most don't), then it's your responsibility. Typically, this is done by reducing each digit to its unweighted, actual value and then recombining it using the appropriate decimal weights. I'm compelled to say that you seem to be messing around under the hood without having been taught about nuts, bolts, wrenches, and carburetors. __________________ Abstraction doesn't make it impossible to write bad code; it makes it possible to write superior code. Contributor's Corner: Grumpy on C++ Exceptions DaWei on Pointers

Dec 4th, 2006, 3:20 PM	#18
cwl157 Professional Programmer Join Date: Feb 2005 Posts: 327 Rep Power: 4	ok so i think i got i incrementing for the loop. Now how do I know when all the bits have been shifted and i can exit the loop? Also, i don't know how to print things i wish i could so i could see whats actually happening. (Toggle Plain Text) .text main: la $a0,prompt_in #print prompt on terminal li $v0,4 #prints a string on the terminal syscall li $v0,5 #reads in an integer syscall sw $v0,num1 #move $a0,$v0 #li $v0,1 #prints integer #syscall la $a0,prompt_ina #print prompt on terminal li $v0,4 #prints a string on the terminal syscall li $v0,5 #reads in an integer syscall sw $v0,num2 lw $v0,num1 lw $t0,num2 move $s1, $zero #s1 is the counter loop: addi $s1, $s1, 1 #i = i + 1 xor $v1,$v0,$t0 #bit shift one bit #compare those #keep going till there are no more bits #do the same thing but have the comparison be an and #then increment a counter for each 1 returned. #return counter as the hamming distance li $v0,10 #exit program syscall .data prompt_in: .asciiz "Enter first integer: " # first integer prompt_ina: .asciiz "Enter second integer: " #second integer prompt_out: .asciiz "The hamming distance is " num1: .word 0 num2: .word 0 .text main: la $a0,prompt_in #print prompt on terminal li $v0,4 #prints a string on the terminal syscall li $v0,5 #reads in an integer syscall sw $v0,num1 #move $a0,$v0 #li $v0,1 #prints integer #syscall la $a0,prompt_ina #print prompt on terminal li $v0,4 #prints a string on the terminal syscall li $v0,5 #reads in an integer syscall sw $v0,num2 lw $v0,num1 lw $t0,num2 move $s1, $zero #s1 is the counter loop: addi $s1, $s1, 1 #i = i + 1 xor $v1,$v0,$t0 #bit shift one bit #compare those #keep going till there are no more bits #do the same thing but have the comparison be an and #then increment a counter for each 1 returned. #return counter as the hamming distance li $v0,10 #exit program syscall .data prompt_in: .asciiz "Enter first integer: " # first integer prompt_ina: .asciiz "Enter second integer: " #second integer prompt_out: .asciiz "The hamming distance is " num1: .word 0 num2: .word 0

Dec 4th, 2006, 3:33 PM	#19
DaWei Resident Grouch Join Date: Jun 2005 Posts: 6,453 Rep Power: 10	You shift in a loop until you have shifted as many times as there are bits in the register or registers in question. Again, I can't give you specifics, such as how to output a value; I don't know the MIPS. Still, these operations should be a part of your documentation. Almost bound to be a syscall for it. At least, you have those. When you start with a raw micro and no library stuff, you have to write it all. __________________ Abstraction doesn't make it impossible to write bad code; it makes it possible to write superior code. Contributor's Corner: Grumpy on C++ Exceptions DaWei on Pointers

Dec 4th, 2006, 7:16 PM	#20
cwl157 Professional Programmer Join Date: Feb 2005 Posts: 327 Rep Power: 4	alright now its saying that all the stuff in the .data section is undefined. (Toggle Plain Text) .text main: la $a0,prompt_in #print prompt on terminal li $v0,4 #prints a string on the terminal syscall li $v0,5 #reads in an integer syscall sw $v0,num1 #move $a0,$v0 #li $v0,1 #prints integer #syscall la $a0,prompt_ina #print prompt on terminal li $v0,4 #prints a string on the terminal syscall li $v0,5 #reads in an integer syscall sw $v0,num2 lw $v0,num1 lw $t0,num2 move $s1, $zero #s1 is the counter loop: addi $s1, $s1, 1 #i = i + 1 #xor $v1,$v0,$t0 #compare $v0 and $t0 and store in $v1 lw $v2, num3[i] #load the contents of num3[i] into $v2 move $v2,$v1 #move the conntents of $v1 into $v2 sw $v2, num3[i] #save the contents $v2 into num3[i] #bit shift one bit #repeat loop loop: #load array #increment counter for each i #return counter as hamming distance la $a0,prompt_out #print prompt on terminal li $v0,4 #prints a string on the terminal syscall li $v0,10 #exit program syscall .data prompt_in: .asciiz "Enter first integer: " # first integer prompt_ina: .asciiz "Enter second integer: " #second integer prompt_out: .asciiz "The hamming distance is " num1: .word 0 num2: .word 0 #num3: .word 0,0,0 #array to hold 1's .text main: la $a0,prompt_in #print prompt on terminal li $v0,4 #prints a string on the terminal syscall li $v0,5 #reads in an integer syscall sw $v0,num1 #move $a0,$v0 #li $v0,1 #prints integer #syscall la $a0,prompt_ina #print prompt on terminal li $v0,4 #prints a string on the terminal syscall li $v0,5 #reads in an integer syscall sw $v0,num2 lw $v0,num1 lw $t0,num2 move $s1, $zero #s1 is the counter loop: addi $s1, $s1, 1 #i = i + 1 #xor $v1,$v0,$t0 #compare $v0 and $t0 and store in $v1 lw $v2, num3[i] #load the contents of num3[i] into $v2 move $v2,$v1 #move the conntents of $v1 into $v2 sw $v2, num3[i] #save the contents $v2 into num3[i] #bit shift one bit #repeat loop loop: #load array #increment counter for each i #return counter as hamming distance la $a0,prompt_out #print prompt on terminal li $v0,4 #prints a string on the terminal syscall li $v0,10 #exit program syscall .data prompt_in: .asciiz "Enter first integer: " # first integer prompt_ina: .asciiz "Enter second integer: " #second integer prompt_out: .asciiz "The hamming distance is " num1: .word 0 num2: .word 0 #num3: .word 0,0,0 #array to hold 1's Also any idea of what to initialize that array to. It's gonna have to be big enough to hold the largest of the numbers entered because it has to have enough spaces to hold one bit for each bit that the numbers are.

Nov 30th, 2006, 10:56 PM	#12
cwl157 Professional Programmer Join Date: Feb 2005 Posts: 327 Rep Power: 4	when i enter 1 for an input i get 0x34020005 does that mean anything?

Nov 30th, 2006, 10:59 PM	#13
cwl157 Professional Programmer Join Date: Feb 2005 Posts: 327 Rep Power: 4	so when i print it to the screen it prints 4 cause thats what people understand? So then in the machine its binary. So then if i work with the number no matter what it prints to the screen when i'm working with it in xor gates and all that it should be the binary equivilent even though there is no way for me to see it to make sure?

Nov 30th, 2006, 11:41 PM	#16
cwl157 Professional Programmer Join Date: Feb 2005 Posts: 327 Rep Power: 4	i went step by step in the simulator im using called pcspim and when i entered the value 1 thats what it gave me. So if its binary internally then i should be able to do all the xor stuff as entered even if the user is required to enter a decimal number?

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Programming Forums > Application Development > Assembly

MIPS assembly language