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The build process typically has at least three parts. The .cpp is preprocessed to cram the include files directly into the source, and to expand #defines and such. The compiler then processes the source file or files to form object files. The linker resolves references between the various object files, if there are more than one, and generates the executable. Sometimes (not usually for "desktop" type systems) there's an additional location process. Modern compilers generally run through the entire build without further input from you, if you wish. Errors will abort the process at one point or another, of course.
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