Programming Forums > Application Development > C++

UnKnown X · Dec 8th, 2005, 7:09 AM

I copied this code directly from a book, and it refuses to compile in Dev-Cpp or MSVC++ 6.0 (which was recommended by the book).

I get a linker error. Here's what Dev-Cpp says:

(Toggle Plain Text)

 C:\DOCUME~1\Eiern\LOKALE~1\Temp\ccGobaaa.o(.text+0x157) In function `Z19RegisterWindowClassP11HINSTANCE__': 
  [Linker error] undefined reference to `GetStockObject@4' 
 C:\DOCUME~1\Eiern\LOKALE~1\Temp\ccGobaaa.o(.text+0x157) ld returned 1 exit status

And MSVC++ says something similar.

Since it mentions the RegisterWindowClass function, here it is:

(Toggle Plain Text)

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// RegisterWindowClass()
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void RegisterWindowClass(HINSTANCE hInstance)
{
    WNDCLASSEX wc;
    wc.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
    wc.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW | CS_OWNDC;
    wc.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
    wc.cbClsExtra = 0;
    wc.cbWndExtra = 0; 
    wc.hInstance = hInstance;
    wc.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
    wc.hCursor = (HCURSOR)LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
    wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH);
    wc.lpszMenuName = NULL;
    wc.lpszClassName = "WinApp";
    wc.hIconSm = NULL;

    RegisterClassEx(&wc);
}

and here is the rest of the code:

(Toggle Plain Text)

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// BasicWindowsApp.cpp
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////

#include <windows.h>

// Function prototypes.
LRESULT WINAPI WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT msg,
    WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
void RegisterWindowClass(HINSTANCE hInstance);
void CreateAppWindow(HINSTANCE hInstance);
WPARAM StartMessageLoop();

// Global variables.
HWND g_hWnd;


//////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// WinMain()
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////
INT WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE, LPSTR, INT)
{
    RegisterWindowClass(hInstance);
    CreateAppWindow(hInstance);
    ShowWindow(g_hWnd, SW_SHOWDEFAULT);
    UpdateWindow(g_hWnd);
    INT result = StartMessageLoop();
    return result;
}

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// WndProc()
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////
LRESULT WINAPI WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
    switch(msg)
    {
    case WM_CREATE:
        return 0;

    case WM_DESTROY:
        PostQuitMessage( 0 );
        return 0;

    case WM_PAINT:
        ValidateRect(g_hWnd, NULL);
        return 0;
    }
    return DefWindowProc(hWnd, msg, wParam, lParam);
}

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// RegisterWindowClass()
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void RegisterWindowClass(HINSTANCE hInstance)
{
    WNDCLASSEX wc;
    wc.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
    wc.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW | CS_OWNDC;
    wc.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
    wc.cbClsExtra = 0;
    wc.cbWndExtra = 0; 
    wc.hInstance = hInstance;
    wc.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
    wc.hCursor = (HCURSOR)LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
    wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH);
    wc.lpszMenuName = NULL;
    wc.lpszClassName = "WinApp";
    wc.hIconSm = NULL;

    RegisterClassEx(&wc);
}

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// CreateAppWindow()
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void CreateAppWindow(HINSTANCE hInstance)
{
    g_hWnd = CreateWindowEx(
        0,
        "WinApp",
        "Basic Windows Application", 
        WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
        100,
        100,
        648,
        514,
        GetDesktopWindow(),
        NULL,
        hInstance,
        NULL);
}

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// StartMessageLoop()
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////
WPARAM StartMessageLoop()
{
    MSG msg;
    while(1)
    {
        if (PeekMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE))
        {
            if (msg.message == WM_QUIT)
                break;
            TranslateMessage(&msg);
            DispatchMessage(&msg);
        }
        else
        {
            // Use idle time here.
        }
    }
    return msg.wParam;
}

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// BasicWindowsApp.cpp
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////

#include <windows.h>

// Function prototypes.
LRESULT WINAPI WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT msg,
    WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
void RegisterWindowClass(HINSTANCE hInstance);
void CreateAppWindow(HINSTANCE hInstance);
WPARAM StartMessageLoop();

// Global variables.
HWND g_hWnd;


//////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// WinMain()
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////
INT WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE, LPSTR, INT)
{
    RegisterWindowClass(hInstance);
    CreateAppWindow(hInstance);
    ShowWindow(g_hWnd, SW_SHOWDEFAULT);
    UpdateWindow(g_hWnd);
    INT result = StartMessageLoop();
    return result;
}

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// WndProc()
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////
LRESULT WINAPI WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
    switch(msg)
    {
    case WM_CREATE:
        return 0;

    case WM_DESTROY:
        PostQuitMessage( 0 );
        return 0;

    case WM_PAINT:
        ValidateRect(g_hWnd, NULL);
        return 0;
    }
    return DefWindowProc(hWnd, msg, wParam, lParam);
}

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// RegisterWindowClass()
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void RegisterWindowClass(HINSTANCE hInstance)
{
    WNDCLASSEX wc;
    wc.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
    wc.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW | CS_OWNDC;
    wc.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
    wc.cbClsExtra = 0;
    wc.cbWndExtra = 0; 
    wc.hInstance = hInstance;
    wc.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
    wc.hCursor = (HCURSOR)LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
    wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH);
    wc.lpszMenuName = NULL;
    wc.lpszClassName = "WinApp";
    wc.hIconSm = NULL;

    RegisterClassEx(&wc);
}

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// CreateAppWindow()
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void CreateAppWindow(HINSTANCE hInstance)
{
    g_hWnd = CreateWindowEx(
        0,
        "WinApp",
        "Basic Windows Application", 
        WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
        100,
        100,
        648,
        514,
        GetDesktopWindow(),
        NULL,
        hInstance,
        NULL);
}

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// StartMessageLoop()
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////
WPARAM StartMessageLoop()
{
    MSG msg;
    while(1)
    {
        if (PeekMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE))
        {
            if (msg.message == WM_QUIT)
                break;
            TranslateMessage(&msg);
            DispatchMessage(&msg);
        }
        else
        {
            // Use idle time here.
        }
    }
    return msg.wParam;
}

grumpy · Dec 8th, 2005, 7:19 AM

The code is compiling successfully. The problem is that the linker (the program that creates an executable from compiled object files and libraries) is not finding the GetStockObject() function.

You probably need to check linker options to ensure that all necessary libraries for building windows applications is linked in. According to my win32 API help file, GetStockObject() is in a library called gdi32.lib.

UnKnown X · Dec 8th, 2005, 7:25 AM

OK, thanks. I'll have a look.

Dec 8th, 2005, 7:09 AM	#1
UnKnown X Hobbyist Programmer Join Date: Dec 2005 Location: Sandvika, Norway Posts: 114 Rep Power: 0	Windows Application compile problem I copied this code directly from a book, and it refuses to compile in Dev-Cpp or MSVC++ 6.0 (which was recommended by the book). I get a linker error. Here's what Dev-Cpp says: (Toggle Plain Text) C:\DOCUME~1\Eiern\LOKALE~1\Temp\ccGobaaa.o(.text+0x157) In function `Z19RegisterWindowClassP11HINSTANCE__': [Linker error] undefined reference to `GetStockObject@4' C:\DOCUME~1\Eiern\LOKALE~1\Temp\ccGobaaa.o(.text+0x157) ld returned 1 exit status C:\DOCUME~1\Eiern\LOKALE~1\Temp\ccGobaaa.o(.text+0x157) In function `Z19RegisterWindowClassP11HINSTANCE__': [Linker error] undefined reference to `GetStockObject@4' C:\DOCUME~1\Eiern\LOKALE~1\Temp\ccGobaaa.o(.text+0x157) ld returned 1 exit status And MSVC++ says something similar. Since it mentions the RegisterWindowClass function, here it is: (Toggle Plain Text) ////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // RegisterWindowClass() ////////////////////////////////////////////////////// void RegisterWindowClass(HINSTANCE hInstance) { WNDCLASSEX wc; wc.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX); wc.style = CS_HREDRAW \| CS_VREDRAW \| CS_OWNDC; wc.lpfnWndProc = WndProc; wc.cbClsExtra = 0; wc.cbWndExtra = 0; wc.hInstance = hInstance; wc.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION); wc.hCursor = (HCURSOR)LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW); wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH); wc.lpszMenuName = NULL; wc.lpszClassName = "WinApp"; wc.hIconSm = NULL; RegisterClassEx(&wc); } ////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // RegisterWindowClass() ////////////////////////////////////////////////////// void RegisterWindowClass(HINSTANCE hInstance) { WNDCLASSEX wc; wc.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX); wc.style = CS_HREDRAW \| CS_VREDRAW \| CS_OWNDC; wc.lpfnWndProc = WndProc; wc.cbClsExtra = 0; wc.cbWndExtra = 0; wc.hInstance = hInstance; wc.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION); wc.hCursor = (HCURSOR)LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW); wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH); wc.lpszMenuName = NULL; wc.lpszClassName = "WinApp"; wc.hIconSm = NULL; RegisterClassEx(&wc); } and here is the rest of the code: (Toggle Plain Text) ////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // BasicWindowsApp.cpp ////////////////////////////////////////////////////// #include <windows.h> // Function prototypes. LRESULT WINAPI WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam); void RegisterWindowClass(HINSTANCE hInstance); void CreateAppWindow(HINSTANCE hInstance); WPARAM StartMessageLoop(); // Global variables. HWND g_hWnd; ////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // WinMain() ////////////////////////////////////////////////////// INT WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE, LPSTR, INT) { RegisterWindowClass(hInstance); CreateAppWindow(hInstance); ShowWindow(g_hWnd, SW_SHOWDEFAULT); UpdateWindow(g_hWnd); INT result = StartMessageLoop(); return result; } ////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // WndProc() ////////////////////////////////////////////////////// LRESULT WINAPI WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { switch(msg) { case WM_CREATE: return 0; case WM_DESTROY: PostQuitMessage( 0 ); return 0; case WM_PAINT: ValidateRect(g_hWnd, NULL); return 0; } return DefWindowProc(hWnd, msg, wParam, lParam); } ////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // RegisterWindowClass() ////////////////////////////////////////////////////// void RegisterWindowClass(HINSTANCE hInstance) { WNDCLASSEX wc; wc.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX); wc.style = CS_HREDRAW \| CS_VREDRAW \| CS_OWNDC; wc.lpfnWndProc = WndProc; wc.cbClsExtra = 0; wc.cbWndExtra = 0; wc.hInstance = hInstance; wc.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION); wc.hCursor = (HCURSOR)LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW); wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH); wc.lpszMenuName = NULL; wc.lpszClassName = "WinApp"; wc.hIconSm = NULL; RegisterClassEx(&wc); } ////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // CreateAppWindow() ////////////////////////////////////////////////////// void CreateAppWindow(HINSTANCE hInstance) { g_hWnd = CreateWindowEx( 0, "WinApp", "Basic Windows Application", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, 100, 100, 648, 514, GetDesktopWindow(), NULL, hInstance, NULL); } ////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // StartMessageLoop() ////////////////////////////////////////////////////// WPARAM StartMessageLoop() { MSG msg; while(1) { if (PeekMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE)) { if (msg.message == WM_QUIT) break; TranslateMessage(&msg); DispatchMessage(&msg); } else { // Use idle time here. } } return msg.wParam; } ////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // BasicWindowsApp.cpp ////////////////////////////////////////////////////// #include <windows.h> // Function prototypes. LRESULT WINAPI WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam); void RegisterWindowClass(HINSTANCE hInstance); void CreateAppWindow(HINSTANCE hInstance); WPARAM StartMessageLoop(); // Global variables. HWND g_hWnd; ////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // WinMain() ////////////////////////////////////////////////////// INT WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE, LPSTR, INT) { RegisterWindowClass(hInstance); CreateAppWindow(hInstance); ShowWindow(g_hWnd, SW_SHOWDEFAULT); UpdateWindow(g_hWnd); INT result = StartMessageLoop(); return result; } ////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // WndProc() ////////////////////////////////////////////////////// LRESULT WINAPI WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { switch(msg) { case WM_CREATE: return 0; case WM_DESTROY: PostQuitMessage( 0 ); return 0; case WM_PAINT: ValidateRect(g_hWnd, NULL); return 0; } return DefWindowProc(hWnd, msg, wParam, lParam); } ////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // RegisterWindowClass() ////////////////////////////////////////////////////// void RegisterWindowClass(HINSTANCE hInstance) { WNDCLASSEX wc; wc.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX); wc.style = CS_HREDRAW \| CS_VREDRAW \| CS_OWNDC; wc.lpfnWndProc = WndProc; wc.cbClsExtra = 0; wc.cbWndExtra = 0; wc.hInstance = hInstance; wc.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION); wc.hCursor = (HCURSOR)LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW); wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH); wc.lpszMenuName = NULL; wc.lpszClassName = "WinApp"; wc.hIconSm = NULL; RegisterClassEx(&wc); } ////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // CreateAppWindow() ////////////////////////////////////////////////////// void CreateAppWindow(HINSTANCE hInstance) { g_hWnd = CreateWindowEx( 0, "WinApp", "Basic Windows Application", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, 100, 100, 648, 514, GetDesktopWindow(), NULL, hInstance, NULL); } ////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // StartMessageLoop() ////////////////////////////////////////////////////// WPARAM StartMessageLoop() { MSG msg; while(1) { if (PeekMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE)) { if (msg.message == WM_QUIT) break; TranslateMessage(&msg); DispatchMessage(&msg); } else { // Use idle time here. } } return msg.wParam; }

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Dec 8th, 2005, 7:19 AM	#2
grumpy Programming Guru Join Date: Jun 2005 Location: Adelaide, South Australia Posts: 1,260 Rep Power: 5	The code is compiling successfully. The problem is that the linker (the program that creates an executable from compiled object files and libraries) is not finding the GetStockObject() function. You probably need to check linker options to ensure that all necessary libraries for building windows applications is linked in. According to my win32 API help file, GetStockObject() is in a library called gdi32.lib.

Dec 8th, 2005, 7:25 AM	#3
UnKnown X Hobbyist Programmer Join Date: Dec 2005 Location: Sandvika, Norway Posts: 114 Rep Power: 0	OK, thanks. I'll have a look.

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Programming Forums > Application Development > C++

Windows Application compile problem