#include  <iostream>
#include  <sstream>
 
using namespace std;
 
class Value
{
    public:
        Value()
        {
            cout<<" Default constructor\n";
            _numString=new char[1];
            _numString[0]= '\0';
        }
 
        Value(int i)
        {
            cout<< "Construction/conversion from int "<<i<<endl;
 
            stringstream buffer;
            buffer<< i <<ends; //terminate sring
            Init(buffer.str().c_str());
            Display();
        }
 
        Value(Value const& v)
        {
            cout<< " Copy constructor("
                << v._numString<< ")\n";
            Init(v._numString);
            Display();
        }
 
        Value& operator= (Value const& v)
        {
            cout<<"operator=("
                <<v._numString
                <<")\n";
 
            if(_numString != v._numString)
            {
                cout<<"not equal"<<endl;
                delete _numString;
                Init(v._numString);
            }
            Display();
            return *this;
        }
 
        friend Value operator+ (Value const& v1,Value const& v2)
        {
            cout<<"  operator+ ("<<v1._numString<< ", "
                <<v2._numString <<")\n";
 
            stringstream buffer;
            buffer<<v1._numString<< " + "<<v2._numString<<ends;
            Value result;
            result.Init(buffer.str().c_str());
            cout<<" Returning by value\n";
            return result;
        }
 
    private:
 
        void Init(char const* buf)
        {
            int len=strlen(buf);
            _numString=new char[len + 1];
            strcpy(_numString,buf);
        }
 
        void Display()
        {
            cout<< "\t" <<_numString<<endl;
        }
 
        char* _numString;
};