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dup means that the value of 0 will be duplicated in each element of the Palette array (collection of adjacent values) that is being defined here. This is an assembly-time action, not a run-time action.
The second results in the value of al being stored in the address represented by the contents of es, offset by the value of di. For example, if you leave es alone, but increment the value of di after each move, your values will be stored in successive locations. ES is like a pointer to an array (or the address of the beginning of the array). DI is then the index. ES [DI].
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