Programming Forums > Application Development > C++

teencoder · Jun 30th, 2006, 12:05 AM

My pong program uses sdl which sends console IO to a file. I was useing this to debug and I got this It's good for laughs and I have no Idea where it came from. I'm talking about the part at the end I'll post the source and the output. If you can help please if not have a good laugh.

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#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string>
#include "SDL\SDL.h"
#include "SDL\SDL_image.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Paddles
{
public:
           Paddles()
           {
           }
           int access_x()
           {
             return x;
           }
           int access_y()
           {
             return y;
           }
           int access_w()
           {
             return w;
           }
           int access_h()
           {
             return h;
           }
           void move_up()
           {
               y=y-1;
           }
           void move_down()
           {
               y=y+1;
           } 
           void init_x_y(int inix,int iniy)
           {
               x=inix;
               y=iniy;
           }
           void init_w_h(int iniw,int inih)
           {
                w=iniw;
                h=inih;
           }
           void ai(int ball_y,int y)
           {
                if (y<ball_y)
                   move_down();
                if (y>ball_y)
                   move_up();
           }
private:
           int x;
           int y;
           int w;
           int h;
};
class ball
{
public:
        ball()
        {
        } 
private:
        int x;
        int y;
        int speed;
        bool hit_by_p1;
        bool hit_by_p2;
        bool hit_top;
        bool hit_bottom;
        bool moving_up;
        bool moving_down;
        bool moving_backward;
        bool moving_forward;
public:
        bool did_hit_top()
        {
             if (y==0)
             {
                moving_down=true;
                return true;
             }
             else 
                return false;
        }
        bool did_hit_bottom()
        {
             if (y==280-32)
             {
                moving_up=true;
                return true;
             }
             else
                return false;
        }
        string got_hit(bool event)
        {
             if (event)
             {
                if (x<160)
                {
                   moving_forward=true;
                   moving_backward=false;
                   if (moving_up)
                   {
                      moving_up=false;
                      moving_down=true;
                   }
                   else
                   {
                      moving_down=false;
                      moving_up=true;
                   }
                   return "hit_by_p1";
                }
                if (x>160)
                {
                   moving_backward=true;
                   moving_forward=false;
                   if (moving_up)
                   {
                      moving_up=false;
                      moving_down=true;
                   }
                   else
                   {
                       moving_down=false;
                       moving_up=true;
                   }       
                   return "hit_by_p2";
                }
             }
             return "no_hit";
        }
        void init_x_y(int ix,int iy)
        {
             x=ix;
             y=iy;
        }
        void move_up()
        {
             y=y-1;
        }
        void move_down()
        {
             y=y+1;
        }
        void move_forward()
        {
             x=x+1;
        }
        void move_backward()
        {
             x=x-1;
        }
        void move_upforward()
        {
             x=x+1;
             y=y-1;
        }
        void move_downforward()
        {
             x=x+1;
             y=y+1;
        }
        void move_upbackward()
        {
             x=x-1;
             y=y-1;
        }
        void move_downbackward()
        {
             x=x-1;
             y=y+1;
        }
        int access_x()
        {
            return x;
        }
        int access_y()
        {
            return y;
        }    
        bool access_hit_top()
        {
             return hit_top;
        }
        bool access_hit_bottom()
        {
             return hit_bottom;
        }
        bool access_moving_up()
        {
             return moving_up;
        }
        bool access_moving_down()
        {
             return moving_down;
        }
        bool access_moving_forward()
        {
             return moving_forward;
        }
        bool access_moving_backward()
        {
             return moving_backward;
        }
        void init_direction()
        {
             moving_up=true;
             moving_forward=true;
        }
};                
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
 int score;
 int ball_y;
 int p2_y;
 ball paball;
 string loopargs;
 string eventargs;
 string collisionargs;
 SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_EVERYTHING);
 SDL_Surface *background;
 SDL_Rect screenrect;
 SDL_Rect BallRect;
 screenrect.x=0;
 screenrect.y=0;
 screenrect.w=320;
 screenrect.h=280;
 Uint32 backdrop_color;
 Uint8 *keys;
 keys=SDL_GetKeyState(NULL);
 SDL_Event events;
 SDL_Rect rect_conversion(int x,int y,int w,int h);
 bool check_collision( SDL_Rect &A, SDL_Rect &B );
 string eventarg_creator(bool moveup,bool movedown,bool moveforward,bool movebackward);
 Paddles p1;
 p1.init_x_y(0,140);
 p1.init_w_h(11,43);
 SDL_Rect paddle1;
 Paddles p2;
 SDL_Rect p2rect;
 p2.init_x_y(309,140);
 p2.init_w_h(11,43);
 SDL_Surface *screen=NULL;
 SDL_Surface *Paddle1=NULL;
 SDL_Surface *Paddle2=NULL;
 SDL_Surface *pball=NULL;
 Paddle1=IMG_Load("Pong GFX.gif");
 Paddle2=IMG_Load("Pong GFX Reverse.gif");
 background=IMG_Load("my_size_wii.bmp");
 pball=IMG_Load("ball.bmp");
 SDL_SetColorKey(pball,SDL_SRCCOLORKEY,backdrop_color);
 screen=SDL_SetVideoMode(320,280,32,SDL_SWSURFACE|SDL_DOUBLEBUF/*|SDL_FULLSCREEN*/);
 backdrop_color=SDL_MapRGB(screen->format,0,0,0);
 SDL_SetColorKey(pball,SDL_SRCCOLORKEY,backdrop_color);
 paball.init_x_y(160,140);
 paball.init_direction();
 while (loopargs!="exit")
 {
   eventargs=eventarg_creator(paball.access_moving_up(),paball.access_moving_down(),paball.access_moving_forward(),paball.access_moving_down());
   SDL_FillRect(screen,&screenrect,backdrop_color);
   SDL_BlitSurface(background,NULL,screen,NULL);
   SDL_PollEvent(&events);
   if (events.type==SDL_QUIT)
      loopargs="exit";
   if (keys[SDLK_ESCAPE]==SDL_PRESSED)
      loopargs="exit";
   if (keys[SDLK_UP]==SDL_PRESSED)
   {
      if (p1.access_y()==0)
         goto ball;
      else
         p1.move_up();
   }
   if (keys[SDLK_DOWN]==SDL_PRESSED)
   {
      if (p1.access_y()==237)
         goto ball;
      else
         p1.move_down();
   }
   p2.ai(paball.access_y(),p2.access_y());
   ball:
   collisionargs=paball.got_hit(check_collision( paddle1, BallRect));
   if (collisionargs=="no_hit")
      collisionargs=paball.got_hit(check_collision( p2rect, BallRect ));
   if (eventargs=="upforward") 
      paball.move_upforward();
   if (eventargs=="downforward")
      paball.move_downforward();
   if (eventargs=="upbackward")
      paball.move_upbackward();
   if (eventargs=="downbackward")
      paball.move_downbackward();
   render:
   paddle1=rect_conversion(p1.access_x(),p1.access_y(),p1.access_w(),p1.access_h());
   p2rect=rect_conversion(p2.access_x(),p2.access_y(),p2.access_w(),p1.access_h());
   BallRect=rect_conversion(paball.access_x(),paball.access_y(),32,32);
   SDL_BlitSurface(Paddle1,NULL,screen,&paddle1);
   SDL_BlitSurface(Paddle2,NULL,screen,&p2rect);
   SDL_BlitSurface(pball,NULL,screen,&BallRect);
   SDL_Flip(screen);
   if (paball.access_x()<0)
   {
     p1.init_x_y(0,140);
     p2.init_x_y(309,140);
     p1.init_w_h(11,43);
     p2.init_w_h(11,43);
     paball.init_x_y(0,140);
   }                    
   if (paball.access_x()>320)
   {
     p1.init_x_y(0,140);
     p2.init_x_y(309,140);
     p1.init_w_h(11,43);
     p2.init_w_h(11,43);
     paball.init_x_y(160,140);
   }                        
   SDL_Delay(7);
   cout << eventargs << "\n";
   cout << paball.access_x() << "\n";
   cout << paball.access_y() << "\n";
   cout << loopargs << "\n";
 }
 bail:
 SDL_FreeSurface(Paddle1);
 SDL_FreeSurface(Paddle2);
 SDL_FreeSurface(pball);
 SDL_FreeSurface(background);
 SDL_Quit();
 return 0;
}
SDL_Rect rect_conversion(int x, int y, int w,int h)
{
     SDL_Rect temp;
     Uint16 newx;
     Uint16 newy;
     Uint16 neww;
     Uint16 newh;
     newx=x;
     newy=y;
     neww=w;
     newh=h;
     temp.x=newx;
     temp.y=newy;
     temp.w=neww;
     temp.h=newh;
     return temp;
}
bool check_collision( SDL_Rect &A, SDL_Rect &B )
{
     //The sides of the rectangles
     int leftA, leftB;
     int rightA, rightB;
     int topA, topB;
     int bottomA, bottomB;
     //Calculate the sides of rect A
     leftA = A.x;
     rightA = A.x + A.w;
     topA = A.y;
     bottomA = A.y + A.h;
     //Calculate the sides of rect B
     leftB = B.x;
     rightB = B.x + B.w;
     topB = B.y;
     bottomB = B.y + B.h;
     //If any of the sides from A are outside of B
     if( bottomA == topB )
     {
         return true;
     }
     if( topA == bottomB )
     {
         return true;
     }
     if( rightA == leftB )
     {
         return true;
     }
     if( leftA == rightB )
     {
         return true;
     }
     //If none of the sides from A are outside B
     return false;
}
string eventarg_creator(bool moveup,bool movedown,bool moveforward,bool movebackward)
{
       if (moveup&&moveforward)
          return "upforward";
       if (moveup&&movebackward)
          return "upbackward";
       if (movedown&&moveforward)
          return "downforward";
       if (movedown&&movebackward)
          return "downbackward";
}

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string>
#include "SDL\SDL.h"
#include "SDL\SDL_image.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Paddles
{
public:
           Paddles()
           {
           }
           int access_x()
           {
             return x;
           }
           int access_y()
           {
             return y;
           }
           int access_w()
           {
             return w;
           }
           int access_h()
           {
             return h;
           }
           void move_up()
           {
               y=y-1;
           }
           void move_down()
           {
               y=y+1;
           } 
           void init_x_y(int inix,int iniy)
           {
               x=inix;
               y=iniy;
           }
           void init_w_h(int iniw,int inih)
           {
                w=iniw;
                h=inih;
           }
           void ai(int ball_y,int y)
           {
                if (y<ball_y)
                   move_down();
                if (y>ball_y)
                   move_up();
           }
private:
           int x;
           int y;
           int w;
           int h;
};
class ball
{
public:
        ball()
        {
        } 
private:
        int x;
        int y;
        int speed;
        bool hit_by_p1;
        bool hit_by_p2;
        bool hit_top;
        bool hit_bottom;
        bool moving_up;
        bool moving_down;
        bool moving_backward;
        bool moving_forward;
public:
        bool did_hit_top()
        {
             if (y==0)
             {
                moving_down=true;
                return true;
             }
             else 
                return false;
        }
        bool did_hit_bottom()
        {
             if (y==280-32)
             {
                moving_up=true;
                return true;
             }
             else
                return false;
        }
        string got_hit(bool event)
        {
             if (event)
             {
                if (x<160)
                {
                   moving_forward=true;
                   moving_backward=false;
                   if (moving_up)
                   {
                      moving_up=false;
                      moving_down=true;
                   }
                   else
                   {
                      moving_down=false;
                      moving_up=true;
                   }
                   return "hit_by_p1";
                }
                if (x>160)
                {
                   moving_backward=true;
                   moving_forward=false;
                   if (moving_up)
                   {
                      moving_up=false;
                      moving_down=true;
                   }
                   else
                   {
                       moving_down=false;
                       moving_up=true;
                   }       
                   return "hit_by_p2";
                }
             }
             return "no_hit";
        }
        void init_x_y(int ix,int iy)
        {
             x=ix;
             y=iy;
        }
        void move_up()
        {
             y=y-1;
        }
        void move_down()
        {
             y=y+1;
        }
        void move_forward()
        {
             x=x+1;
        }
        void move_backward()
        {
             x=x-1;
        }
        void move_upforward()
        {
             x=x+1;
             y=y-1;
        }
        void move_downforward()
        {
             x=x+1;
             y=y+1;
        }
        void move_upbackward()
        {
             x=x-1;
             y=y-1;
        }
        void move_downbackward()
        {
             x=x-1;
             y=y+1;
        }
        int access_x()
        {
            return x;
        }
        int access_y()
        {
            return y;
        }    
        bool access_hit_top()
        {
             return hit_top;
        }
        bool access_hit_bottom()
        {
             return hit_bottom;
        }
        bool access_moving_up()
        {
             return moving_up;
        }
        bool access_moving_down()
        {
             return moving_down;
        }
        bool access_moving_forward()
        {
             return moving_forward;
        }
        bool access_moving_backward()
        {
             return moving_backward;
        }
        void init_direction()
        {
             moving_up=true;
             moving_forward=true;
        }
};                
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
 int score;
 int ball_y;
 int p2_y;
 ball paball;
 string loopargs;
 string eventargs;
 string collisionargs;
 SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_EVERYTHING);
 SDL_Surface *background;
 SDL_Rect screenrect;
 SDL_Rect BallRect;
 screenrect.x=0;
 screenrect.y=0;
 screenrect.w=320;
 screenrect.h=280;
 Uint32 backdrop_color;
 Uint8 *keys;
 keys=SDL_GetKeyState(NULL);
 SDL_Event events;
 SDL_Rect rect_conversion(int x,int y,int w,int h);
 bool check_collision( SDL_Rect &A, SDL_Rect &B );
 string eventarg_creator(bool moveup,bool movedown,bool moveforward,bool movebackward);
 Paddles p1;
 p1.init_x_y(0,140);
 p1.init_w_h(11,43);
 SDL_Rect paddle1;
 Paddles p2;
 SDL_Rect p2rect;
 p2.init_x_y(309,140);
 p2.init_w_h(11,43);
 SDL_Surface *screen=NULL;
 SDL_Surface *Paddle1=NULL;
 SDL_Surface *Paddle2=NULL;
 SDL_Surface *pball=NULL;
 Paddle1=IMG_Load("Pong GFX.gif");
 Paddle2=IMG_Load("Pong GFX Reverse.gif");
 background=IMG_Load("my_size_wii.bmp");
 pball=IMG_Load("ball.bmp");
 SDL_SetColorKey(pball,SDL_SRCCOLORKEY,backdrop_color);
 screen=SDL_SetVideoMode(320,280,32,SDL_SWSURFACE|SDL_DOUBLEBUF/*|SDL_FULLSCREEN*/);
 backdrop_color=SDL_MapRGB(screen->format,0,0,0);
 SDL_SetColorKey(pball,SDL_SRCCOLORKEY,backdrop_color);
 paball.init_x_y(160,140);
 paball.init_direction();
 while (loopargs!="exit")
 {
   eventargs=eventarg_creator(paball.access_moving_up(),paball.access_moving_down(),paball.access_moving_forward(),paball.access_moving_down());
   SDL_FillRect(screen,&screenrect,backdrop_color);
   SDL_BlitSurface(background,NULL,screen,NULL);
   SDL_PollEvent(&events);
   if (events.type==SDL_QUIT)
      loopargs="exit";
   if (keys[SDLK_ESCAPE]==SDL_PRESSED)
      loopargs="exit";
   if (keys[SDLK_UP]==SDL_PRESSED)
   {
      if (p1.access_y()==0)
         goto ball;
      else
         p1.move_up();
   }
   if (keys[SDLK_DOWN]==SDL_PRESSED)
   {
      if (p1.access_y()==237)
         goto ball;
      else
         p1.move_down();
   }
   p2.ai(paball.access_y(),p2.access_y());
   ball:
   collisionargs=paball.got_hit(check_collision( paddle1, BallRect));
   if (collisionargs=="no_hit")
      collisionargs=paball.got_hit(check_collision( p2rect, BallRect ));
   if (eventargs=="upforward") 
      paball.move_upforward();
   if (eventargs=="downforward")
      paball.move_downforward();
   if (eventargs=="upbackward")
      paball.move_upbackward();
   if (eventargs=="downbackward")
      paball.move_downbackward();
   render:
   paddle1=rect_conversion(p1.access_x(),p1.access_y(),p1.access_w(),p1.access_h());
   p2rect=rect_conversion(p2.access_x(),p2.access_y(),p2.access_w(),p1.access_h());
   BallRect=rect_conversion(paball.access_x(),paball.access_y(),32,32);
   SDL_BlitSurface(Paddle1,NULL,screen,&paddle1);
   SDL_BlitSurface(Paddle2,NULL,screen,&p2rect);
   SDL_BlitSurface(pball,NULL,screen,&BallRect);
   SDL_Flip(screen);
   if (paball.access_x()<0)
   {
     p1.init_x_y(0,140);
     p2.init_x_y(309,140);
     p1.init_w_h(11,43);
     p2.init_w_h(11,43);
     paball.init_x_y(0,140);
   }                    
   if (paball.access_x()>320)
   {
     p1.init_x_y(0,140);
     p2.init_x_y(309,140);
     p1.init_w_h(11,43);
     p2.init_w_h(11,43);
     paball.init_x_y(160,140);
   }                        
   SDL_Delay(7);
   cout << eventargs << "\n";
   cout << paball.access_x() << "\n";
   cout << paball.access_y() << "\n";
   cout << loopargs << "\n";
 }
 bail:
 SDL_FreeSurface(Paddle1);
 SDL_FreeSurface(Paddle2);
 SDL_FreeSurface(pball);
 SDL_FreeSurface(background);
 SDL_Quit();
 return 0;
}
SDL_Rect rect_conversion(int x, int y, int w,int h)
{
     SDL_Rect temp;
     Uint16 newx;
     Uint16 newy;
     Uint16 neww;
     Uint16 newh;
     newx=x;
     newy=y;
     neww=w;
     newh=h;
     temp.x=newx;
     temp.y=newy;
     temp.w=neww;
     temp.h=newh;
     return temp;
}
bool check_collision( SDL_Rect &A, SDL_Rect &B )
{
     //The sides of the rectangles
     int leftA, leftB;
     int rightA, rightB;
     int topA, topB;
     int bottomA, bottomB;
     //Calculate the sides of rect A
     leftA = A.x;
     rightA = A.x + A.w;
     topA = A.y;
     bottomA = A.y + A.h;
     //Calculate the sides of rect B
     leftB = B.x;
     rightB = B.x + B.w;
     topB = B.y;
     bottomB = B.y + B.h;
     //If any of the sides from A are outside of B
     if( bottomA == topB )
     {
         return true;
     }
     if( topA == bottomB )
     {
         return true;
     }
     if( rightA == leftB )
     {
         return true;
     }
     if( leftA == rightB )
     {
         return true;
     }
     //If none of the sides from A are outside B
     return false;
}
string eventarg_creator(bool moveup,bool movedown,bool moveforward,bool movebackward)
{
       if (moveup&&moveforward)
          return "upforward";
       if (moveup&&movebackward)
          return "upbackward";
       if (movedown&&moveforward)
          return "downforward";
       if (movedown&&movebackward)
          return "downbackward";
}

The output look near the bottom.

(Toggle Plain Text)

upforward
161
139

upforward
162
138

upforward
163
137

upforward
164
136

upforward
165
135

upforward
166
134

upforward
167
133

upforward
168
132

upforward
169
131

upforward
170
130

upforward
171
129

upforward
172
128

upforward
173
127

upforward
174
126

upforward
175
125

upforward
176
124

upforward
177
123

upforward
178
122

upforward
179
121

upforward
180
120

upforward
181
119

upforward
182
118

upforward
183
117

upforward
184
116

upforward
185
115

upforward
186
114

upforward
187
113

upforward
188
112

upforward
189
111

upforward
190
110

upforward
191
109

upforward
192
108

upforward
193
107

downbackward
192
108

downbackward
191
109

no_hit
191
109

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:

:mad: :mad:
There are even trademark symbols in the original.

Cache · Jun 30th, 2006, 1:54 AM

Are you sure you've posted the right code? cos' the code posted above shouldn't even compile.

teencoder · Jun 30th, 2006, 2:30 AM

It compiles and it runs why shouldn't it compile.

Jimbo · Jun 30th, 2006, 2:42 AM

I stopped reading your code at the headers... I swear that <stdio.h> and <stdlib.h> were addressed in another thread. Change them to <cstdio> and <cstdlib>, respectively.

[edit:] I was wrong. I noticed them but forgot to mention it... :o

Cache · Jun 30th, 2006, 3:41 AM

Quote:

Originally Posted by teencoder

why shouldn't it compile.

I hadn't spotted the label 'ball' at first. Still I'd hope this wouldn't compile. Doesn't in VC++ 2005.

(Toggle Plain Text)

class ball { //... };  // <--Note: global scope here.

// ...

if (p1.access_y()==0)
   goto ball;

ball:

grumpy · Jun 30th, 2006, 6:43 AM

I haven't gone through the code in detail, but the obvious guess is that the problem is some variables (or data members of your classes) are uninitialised. In particular, the constructors for classes Paddles and ball do not initialise their data members, which means the values they start with are unpredictable.

A simpler form would be;

(Toggle Plain Text)

#include <iostream>
class X
{
    public:
      X();
      int getX() const {return x;};
    private:
      int x;
}

int main()
{
    X x;
    std::cout << x.getX() << '\n';
}

As x.x is uninitialised, the value printed out could be anything. You might get lucky sometimes (and have it print junk) or it could simply print zero (which I consider to be unlucky, as it can make people believe the code is sensible, when it really isn't).

Formally, reading any uninitialised variable (which you have to do to return it from a function, increment it, or print it) yields undefined behaviour. It just happens that printing junk is one common symptom.

teencoder · Jun 30th, 2006, 12:23 PM

I'v gone through a few bug fixes and the ridiculous output is gone. The output was to trace down an error because dev-c++ doesn't have a good debugger in my opinion again I am not at my home computer and I had to settle for what I have. You need to have SDL installed for it to compile and you need to add the libraries SDL.lib(or .a), SDLmain.lib(or .a), and SDL_image.lib(or .a). The bugs I were tracking weren't anything dangerous so you could build that but I wouldn't recommend it as it does some truly rediculous things. Thanks for your input everyone. The funny thing was the variable I printed was initialized but oh well.

teencoder · Jun 30th, 2006, 4:48 PM

I also changed the label I thought I got rid of that already.
Thanks.

DaWei · Jun 30th, 2006, 5:06 PM

Getting rid of the 'goto ball' requires only a little bit of additional thinking on your part. Just reconsider the logic somewhat and it'll strengthen your programming.

grumpy · Jun 30th, 2006, 7:57 PM

teencoder, you have a different definition of "not dangerous" than I do. Unexplained junk output is usually a symptom of something fairly nasty.

If your variables are initialised, then the most obvious other cause of your original problem is pointer molestation (eg falling off the end of an array, writing to a NULL, etc) that is overwriting your variables. It strikes me that your approach to debugging is simply tweaking code until the symptoms of problem (seem to) go away. Given that you can't explain *why* your changes seem to have fixed the problem, I wouldn't have a lot of faith in your claim that the real problem is fixed.

And I agree with Dawei: your use of goto in this case is easy to get rid of in a clean manner. I'd also suggest some effort into cleaning up your code so you can actually understand it. Unless you enjoy coming back to code a few months after you wrote it, thinking "what idiot wrote this?", and then realising .....

Jun 30th, 2006, 12:05 AM	#1
teencoder Hobbyist Programmer Join Date: Jul 2005 Posts: 158 Rep Power: 0	this is a weird output My pong program uses sdl which sends console IO to a file. I was useing this to debug and I got this It's good for laughs and I have no Idea where it came from. I'm talking about the part at the end I'll post the source and the output. If you can help please if not have a good laugh. (Toggle Plain Text) #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string> #include "SDL\SDL.h" #include "SDL\SDL_image.h" #include <iostream> using namespace std; class Paddles { public: Paddles() { } int access_x() { return x; } int access_y() { return y; } int access_w() { return w; } int access_h() { return h; } void move_up() { y=y-1; } void move_down() { y=y+1; } void init_x_y(int inix,int iniy) { x=inix; y=iniy; } void init_w_h(int iniw,int inih) { w=iniw; h=inih; } void ai(int ball_y,int y) { if (y<ball_y) move_down(); if (y>ball_y) move_up(); } private: int x; int y; int w; int h; }; class ball { public: ball() { } private: int x; int y; int speed; bool hit_by_p1; bool hit_by_p2; bool hit_top; bool hit_bottom; bool moving_up; bool moving_down; bool moving_backward; bool moving_forward; public: bool did_hit_top() { if (y==0) { moving_down=true; return true; } else return false; } bool did_hit_bottom() { if (y==280-32) { moving_up=true; return true; } else return false; } string got_hit(bool event) { if (event) { if (x<160) { moving_forward=true; moving_backward=false; if (moving_up) { moving_up=false; moving_down=true; } else { moving_down=false; moving_up=true; } return "hit_by_p1"; } if (x>160) { moving_backward=true; moving_forward=false; if (moving_up) { moving_up=false; moving_down=true; } else { moving_down=false; moving_up=true; } return "hit_by_p2"; } } return "no_hit"; } void init_x_y(int ix,int iy) { x=ix; y=iy; } void move_up() { y=y-1; } void move_down() { y=y+1; } void move_forward() { x=x+1; } void move_backward() { x=x-1; } void move_upforward() { x=x+1; y=y-1; } void move_downforward() { x=x+1; y=y+1; } void move_upbackward() { x=x-1; y=y-1; } void move_downbackward() { x=x-1; y=y+1; } int access_x() { return x; } int access_y() { return y; } bool access_hit_top() { return hit_top; } bool access_hit_bottom() { return hit_bottom; } bool access_moving_up() { return moving_up; } bool access_moving_down() { return moving_down; } bool access_moving_forward() { return moving_forward; } bool access_moving_backward() { return moving_backward; } void init_direction() { moving_up=true; moving_forward=true; } }; int main (int argc, char argv[]) { int score; int ball_y; int p2_y; ball paball; string loopargs; string eventargs; string collisionargs; SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_EVERYTHING); SDL_Surface background; SDL_Rect screenrect; SDL_Rect BallRect; screenrect.x=0; screenrect.y=0; screenrect.w=320; screenrect.h=280; Uint32 backdrop_color; Uint8 keys; keys=SDL_GetKeyState(NULL); SDL_Event events; SDL_Rect rect_conversion(int x,int y,int w,int h); bool check_collision( SDL_Rect &A, SDL_Rect &B ); string eventarg_creator(bool moveup,bool movedown,bool moveforward,bool movebackward); Paddles p1; p1.init_x_y(0,140); p1.init_w_h(11,43); SDL_Rect paddle1; Paddles p2; SDL_Rect p2rect; p2.init_x_y(309,140); p2.init_w_h(11,43); SDL_Surface screen=NULL; SDL_Surface Paddle1=NULL; SDL_Surface Paddle2=NULL; SDL_Surface pball=NULL; Paddle1=IMG_Load("Pong GFX.gif"); Paddle2=IMG_Load("Pong GFX Reverse.gif"); background=IMG_Load("my_size_wii.bmp"); pball=IMG_Load("ball.bmp"); SDL_SetColorKey(pball,SDL_SRCCOLORKEY,backdrop_color); screen=SDL_SetVideoMode(320,280,32,SDL_SWSURFACE\|SDL_DOUBLEBUF/\|SDL_FULLSCREEN/); backdrop_color=SDL_MapRGB(screen->format,0,0,0); SDL_SetColorKey(pball,SDL_SRCCOLORKEY,backdrop_color); paball.init_x_y(160,140); paball.init_direction(); while (loopargs!="exit") { eventargs=eventarg_creator(paball.access_moving_up(),paball.access_moving_down(),paball.access_moving_forward(),paball.access_moving_down()); SDL_FillRect(screen,&screenrect,backdrop_color); SDL_BlitSurface(background,NULL,screen,NULL); SDL_PollEvent(&events); if (events.type==SDL_QUIT) loopargs="exit"; if (keys[SDLK_ESCAPE]==SDL_PRESSED) loopargs="exit"; if (keys[SDLK_UP]==SDL_PRESSED) { if (p1.access_y()==0) goto ball; else p1.move_up(); } if (keys[SDLK_DOWN]==SDL_PRESSED) { if (p1.access_y()==237) goto ball; else p1.move_down(); } p2.ai(paball.access_y(),p2.access_y()); ball: collisionargs=paball.got_hit(check_collision( paddle1, BallRect)); if (collisionargs=="no_hit") collisionargs=paball.got_hit(check_collision( p2rect, BallRect )); if (eventargs=="upforward") paball.move_upforward(); if (eventargs=="downforward") paball.move_downforward(); if (eventargs=="upbackward") paball.move_upbackward(); if (eventargs=="downbackward") paball.move_downbackward(); render: paddle1=rect_conversion(p1.access_x(),p1.access_y(),p1.access_w(),p1.access_h()); p2rect=rect_conversion(p2.access_x(),p2.access_y(),p2.access_w(),p1.access_h()); BallRect=rect_conversion(paball.access_x(),paball.access_y(),32,32); SDL_BlitSurface(Paddle1,NULL,screen,&paddle1); SDL_BlitSurface(Paddle2,NULL,screen,&p2rect); SDL_BlitSurface(pball,NULL,screen,&BallRect); SDL_Flip(screen); if (paball.access_x()<0) { p1.init_x_y(0,140); p2.init_x_y(309,140); p1.init_w_h(11,43); p2.init_w_h(11,43); paball.init_x_y(0,140); } if (paball.access_x()>320) { p1.init_x_y(0,140); p2.init_x_y(309,140); p1.init_w_h(11,43); p2.init_w_h(11,43); paball.init_x_y(160,140); } SDL_Delay(7); cout << eventargs << "\n"; cout << paball.access_x() << "\n"; cout << paball.access_y() << "\n"; cout << loopargs << "\n"; } bail: SDL_FreeSurface(Paddle1); SDL_FreeSurface(Paddle2); SDL_FreeSurface(pball); SDL_FreeSurface(background); SDL_Quit(); return 0; } SDL_Rect rect_conversion(int x, int y, int w,int h) { SDL_Rect temp; Uint16 newx; Uint16 newy; Uint16 neww; Uint16 newh; newx=x; newy=y; neww=w; newh=h; temp.x=newx; temp.y=newy; temp.w=neww; temp.h=newh; return temp; } bool check_collision( SDL_Rect &A, SDL_Rect &B ) { //The sides of the rectangles int leftA, leftB; int rightA, rightB; int topA, topB; int bottomA, bottomB; //Calculate the sides of rect A leftA = A.x; rightA = A.x + A.w; topA = A.y; bottomA = A.y + A.h; //Calculate the sides of rect B leftB = B.x; rightB = B.x + B.w; topB = B.y; bottomB = B.y + B.h; //If any of the sides from A are outside of B if( bottomA == topB ) { return true; } if( topA == bottomB ) { return true; } if( rightA == leftB ) { return true; } if( leftA == rightB ) { return true; } //If none of the sides from A are outside B return false; } string eventarg_creator(bool moveup,bool movedown,bool moveforward,bool movebackward) { if (moveup&&moveforward) return "upforward"; if (moveup&&movebackward) return "upbackward"; if (movedown&&moveforward) return "downforward"; if (movedown&&movebackward) return "downbackward"; } #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string> #include "SDL\SDL.h" #include "SDL\SDL_image.h" #include <iostream> using namespace std; class Paddles { public: Paddles() { } int access_x() { return x; } int access_y() { return y; } int access_w() { return w; } int access_h() { return h; } void move_up() { y=y-1; } void move_down() { y=y+1; } void init_x_y(int inix,int iniy) { x=inix; y=iniy; } void init_w_h(int iniw,int inih) { w=iniw; h=inih; } void ai(int ball_y,int y) { if (y<ball_y) move_down(); if (y>ball_y) move_up(); } private: int x; int y; int w; int h; }; class ball { public: ball() { } private: int x; int y; int speed; bool hit_by_p1; bool hit_by_p2; bool hit_top; bool hit_bottom; bool moving_up; bool moving_down; bool moving_backward; bool moving_forward; public: bool did_hit_top() { if (y==0) { moving_down=true; return true; } else return false; } bool did_hit_bottom() { if (y==280-32) { moving_up=true; return true; } else return false; } string got_hit(bool event) { if (event) { if (x<160) { moving_forward=true; moving_backward=false; if (moving_up) { moving_up=false; moving_down=true; } else { moving_down=false; moving_up=true; } return "hit_by_p1"; } if (x>160) { moving_backward=true; moving_forward=false; if (moving_up) { moving_up=false; moving_down=true; } else { moving_down=false; moving_up=true; } return "hit_by_p2"; } } return "no_hit"; } void init_x_y(int ix,int iy) { x=ix; y=iy; } void move_up() { y=y-1; } void move_down() { y=y+1; } void move_forward() { x=x+1; } void move_backward() { x=x-1; } void move_upforward() { x=x+1; y=y-1; } void move_downforward() { x=x+1; y=y+1; } void move_upbackward() { x=x-1; y=y-1; } void move_downbackward() { x=x-1; y=y+1; } int access_x() { return x; } int access_y() { return y; } bool access_hit_top() { return hit_top; } bool access_hit_bottom() { return hit_bottom; } bool access_moving_up() { return moving_up; } bool access_moving_down() { return moving_down; } bool access_moving_forward() { return moving_forward; } bool access_moving_backward() { return moving_backward; } void init_direction() { moving_up=true; moving_forward=true; } }; int main (int argc, char argv[]) { int score; int ball_y; int p2_y; ball paball; string loopargs; string eventargs; string collisionargs; SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_EVERYTHING); SDL_Surface background; SDL_Rect screenrect; SDL_Rect BallRect; screenrect.x=0; screenrect.y=0; screenrect.w=320; screenrect.h=280; Uint32 backdrop_color; Uint8 keys; keys=SDL_GetKeyState(NULL); SDL_Event events; SDL_Rect rect_conversion(int x,int y,int w,int h); bool check_collision( SDL_Rect &A, SDL_Rect &B ); string eventarg_creator(bool moveup,bool movedown,bool moveforward,bool movebackward); Paddles p1; p1.init_x_y(0,140); p1.init_w_h(11,43); SDL_Rect paddle1; Paddles p2; SDL_Rect p2rect; p2.init_x_y(309,140); p2.init_w_h(11,43); SDL_Surface screen=NULL; SDL_Surface Paddle1=NULL; SDL_Surface Paddle2=NULL; SDL_Surface pball=NULL; Paddle1=IMG_Load("Pong GFX.gif"); Paddle2=IMG_Load("Pong GFX Reverse.gif"); background=IMG_Load("my_size_wii.bmp"); pball=IMG_Load("ball.bmp"); SDL_SetColorKey(pball,SDL_SRCCOLORKEY,backdrop_color); screen=SDL_SetVideoMode(320,280,32,SDL_SWSURFACE\|SDL_DOUBLEBUF/\|SDL_FULLSCREEN/); backdrop_color=SDL_MapRGB(screen->format,0,0,0); SDL_SetColorKey(pball,SDL_SRCCOLORKEY,backdrop_color); paball.init_x_y(160,140); paball.init_direction(); while (loopargs!="exit") { eventargs=eventarg_creator(paball.access_moving_up(),paball.access_moving_down(),paball.access_moving_forward(),paball.access_moving_down()); SDL_FillRect(screen,&screenrect,backdrop_color); SDL_BlitSurface(background,NULL,screen,NULL); SDL_PollEvent(&events); if (events.type==SDL_QUIT) loopargs="exit"; if (keys[SDLK_ESCAPE]==SDL_PRESSED) loopargs="exit"; if (keys[SDLK_UP]==SDL_PRESSED) { if (p1.access_y()==0) goto ball; else p1.move_up(); } if (keys[SDLK_DOWN]==SDL_PRESSED) { if (p1.access_y()==237) goto ball; else p1.move_down(); } p2.ai(paball.access_y(),p2.access_y()); ball: collisionargs=paball.got_hit(check_collision( paddle1, BallRect)); if (collisionargs=="no_hit") collisionargs=paball.got_hit(check_collision( p2rect, BallRect )); if (eventargs=="upforward") paball.move_upforward(); if (eventargs=="downforward") paball.move_downforward(); if (eventargs=="upbackward") paball.move_upbackward(); if (eventargs=="downbackward") paball.move_downbackward(); render: paddle1=rect_conversion(p1.access_x(),p1.access_y(),p1.access_w(),p1.access_h()); p2rect=rect_conversion(p2.access_x(),p2.access_y(),p2.access_w(),p1.access_h()); BallRect=rect_conversion(paball.access_x(),paball.access_y(),32,32); SDL_BlitSurface(Paddle1,NULL,screen,&paddle1); SDL_BlitSurface(Paddle2,NULL,screen,&p2rect); SDL_BlitSurface(pball,NULL,screen,&BallRect); SDL_Flip(screen); if (paball.access_x()<0) { p1.init_x_y(0,140); p2.init_x_y(309,140); p1.init_w_h(11,43); p2.init_w_h(11,43); paball.init_x_y(0,140); } if (paball.access_x()>320) { p1.init_x_y(0,140); p2.init_x_y(309,140); p1.init_w_h(11,43); p2.init_w_h(11,43); paball.init_x_y(160,140); } SDL_Delay(7); cout << eventargs << "\n"; cout << paball.access_x() << "\n"; cout << paball.access_y() << "\n"; cout << loopargs << "\n"; } bail: SDL_FreeSurface(Paddle1); SDL_FreeSurface(Paddle2); SDL_FreeSurface(pball); SDL_FreeSurface(background); SDL_Quit(); return 0; } SDL_Rect rect_conversion(int x, int y, int w,int h) { SDL_Rect temp; Uint16 newx; Uint16 newy; Uint16 neww; Uint16 newh; newx=x; newy=y; neww=w; newh=h; temp.x=newx; temp.y=newy; temp.w=neww; temp.h=newh; return temp; } bool check_collision( SDL_Rect &A, SDL_Rect &B ) { //The sides of the rectangles int leftA, leftB; int rightA, rightB; int topA, topB; int bottomA, bottomB; //Calculate the sides of rect A leftA = A.x; rightA = A.x + A.w; topA = A.y; bottomA = A.y + A.h; //Calculate the sides of rect B leftB = B.x; rightB = B.x + B.w; topB = B.y; bottomB = B.y + B.h; //If any of the sides from A are outside of B if( bottomA == topB ) { return true; } if( topA == bottomB ) { return true; } if( rightA == leftB ) { return true; } if( leftA == rightB ) { return true; } //If none of the sides from A are outside B return false; } string eventarg_creator(bool moveup,bool movedown,bool moveforward,bool movebackward) { if (moveup&&moveforward) return "upforward"; if (moveup&&movebackward) return "upbackward"; if (movedown&&moveforward) return "downforward"; if (movedown&&movebackward) return "downbackward"; } The output look near the bottom. (Toggle Plain Text) upforward 161 139 upforward 162 138 upforward 163 137 upforward 164 136 upforward 165 135 upforward 166 134 upforward 167 133 upforward 168 132 upforward 169 131 upforward 170 130 upforward 171 129 upforward 172 128 upforward 173 127 upforward 174 126 upforward 175 125 upforward 176 124 upforward 177 123 upforward 178 122 upforward 179 121 upforward 180 120 upforward 181 119 upforward 182 118 upforward 183 117 upforward 184 116 upforward 185 115 upforward 186 114 upforward 187 113 upforward 188 112 upforward 189 111 upforward 190 110 upforward 191 109 upforward 192 108 upforward 193 107 downbackward 192 108 downbackward 191 109 no_hit 191 109 no_hit p2 S ] �` _ � Y [ x`� � A �� C X M � O @ I K �` u � w q � � � � �� y X { � e @ g a �` c � m o �M� �M� �M� M� ?M� pM� �M� `M� @� @� @� L� �K� L� @L� PL� `L� pL� N� 0N� �N� @� @N� @ �� x �N� ?, ?, � pL� `L� PL� @L� L� �K� L� 8A� �O� �N� �N� 0N� N� 1 � 3 M� M� M� �L� �L� �L� �L� �L� ?O� 0O� �N� xN� N� ; �? % �? 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E ��66=6=/S�� 06�6=66/S� ��㸔 �� ((((((((((( S~��ԩ�~(SS S~�ԩ�~~(S( S~��ԩ�~(SS (~�ԩ�~(((( S~��ԩ�(~SS (~��~�(SS( S~��ԩ�~~SS (~�ԩ�~~SS( S~��~F~~SS S~�ԩ�~(((( S~��ԩ�~(SS (~�ԩ�~~(S( S~��ԩ�(((( (~��~�~S(( S~��ԩ�(((( (~�ԩ�~~(S( S~��ԩ�~(SS S~�ԩ�~(((( S~��~F~~SS (~�ԩ�~~SS( S~��ԩ�~~SS (~��~�(SS( S~��ԩ�(~SS (~�ԩ�~(((( S~��ԩ�~(SS S~�ԩ�~~(S( S~��ԩ�~(SS ((((((((((( �� ܔ �56�6=66/S� ��6666=/S�� B O� 8! `9 �f� �R g� + hk� + xm� 7 Pg� � = `g� ? ? � � �� 3 f � � � 3 33 3f 3� 3� 3� f f3 ff f� f� f� � �3 �f �� 3 �f ̙ �� 3 �f �� 3 3 3 3 f 3 � 3 � 3 � 33 333 33f 33� 33� 33� 3f 3f3 3ff 3f� 3f� 3f� 3� 3�3 3�f 3�� 3�� 3�� 3� 3�3 3�f 3̙ 3�� 3�� 3� 3�3 3�f 3�� 3�� 3�� f f 3 f f f � f � f � f3 f33 f3f f3� f3� f3� ff ff3 fff ff� ff� ff� f� f�3 f�f f�� f�� f�� f� f�3 f�f f̙ f�� f�� f� f�3 f�f f�� f�� f�� 3 � f � � � � � � �3 �33 �3f �3� �3� �3� �f �f3 �ff �f� �f� �f� �� 3 ��f �� 3 ��f �̙ �� 3 ��f �� 3 � f � � � � � � �3 �33 �3f �3� �3� �3� �f �f3 �ff �f� �f� �f� ̙ ̙3 ̙f ̙� ̙� ̙� �� 3 ��f �̙ �� 3 ��f �� 3 � f � � � � � � �3 �33 �3f �3� �3� �3� �f �f3 �ff �f� �f� �f� �� 3 ��f �� 3 ��f �̙ �� 3 ��f �� B ? � ��S/=6=66�� S/66=6�65� �� ((((((((((( SS(~��~S (S(~��~S SS(~��~S ((((~��~S SS~(��~S (SS(�~��~( SS~~��~S (SS~~��~S SS~~F~��~S ((((~��~S SS(~��~S (S(~~��~S ((((��~S ((S~�~��~( ((((��~S (S(~~��~S SS(~��~S ((((~��~S SS~~F~��~S (SS~~��~S SS~~��~S (SS(�~��~( SS~(��~S ((((~��~S SS(~��~S (S(~��~S SS(~��~S ((((((((((( �� S/66=6�60� ��S/66=66�� B z *O� : :mad: :mad: There are even trademark symbols in the original. __________________ Geeks may not be cool now but in the long run they prosper.

Jun 30th, 2006, 2:30 AM	#3
teencoder Hobbyist Programmer Join Date: Jul 2005 Posts: 158 Rep Power: 0	It compiles and it runs why shouldn't it compile. __________________ Geeks may not be cool now but in the long run they prosper.

Jun 30th, 2006, 6:43 AM	#6
grumpy Programming Guru Join Date: Jun 2005 Location: Adelaide, South Australia Posts: 1,207 Rep Power: 5	I haven't gone through the code in detail, but the obvious guess is that the problem is some variables (or data members of your classes) are uninitialised. In particular, the constructors for classes Paddles and ball do not initialise their data members, which means the values they start with are unpredictable. A simpler form would be; (Toggle Plain Text) #include <iostream> class X { public: X(); int getX() const {return x;}; private: int x; } int main() { X x; std::cout << x.getX() << '\n'; } #include <iostream> class X { public: X(); int getX() const {return x;}; private: int x; } int main() { X x; std::cout << x.getX() << '\n'; } As x.x is uninitialised, the value printed out could be anything. You might get lucky sometimes (and have it print junk) or it could simply print zero (which I consider to be unlucky, as it can make people believe the code is sensible, when it really isn't). Formally, reading any uninitialised variable (which you have to do to return it from a function, increment it, or print it) yields undefined behaviour. It just happens that printing junk is one common symptom.

Jun 30th, 2006, 12:23 PM	#7
teencoder Hobbyist Programmer Join Date: Jul 2005 Posts: 158 Rep Power: 0	I'v gone through a few bug fixes and the ridiculous output is gone. The output was to trace down an error because dev-c++ doesn't have a good debugger in my opinion again I am not at my home computer and I had to settle for what I have. You need to have SDL installed for it to compile and you need to add the libraries SDL.lib(or .a), SDLmain.lib(or .a), and SDL_image.lib(or .a). The bugs I were tracking weren't anything dangerous so you could build that but I wouldn't recommend it as it does some truly rediculous things. Thanks for your input everyone. The funny thing was the variable I printed was initialized but oh well. __________________ Geeks may not be cool now but in the long run they prosper.

Jun 30th, 2006, 4:48 PM	#8
teencoder Hobbyist Programmer Join Date: Jul 2005 Posts: 158 Rep Power: 0	I also changed the label I thought I got rid of that already. Thanks. __________________ Geeks may not be cool now but in the long run they prosper.

Jun 30th, 2006, 1:54 AM	#2
Cache Hobbyist Join Date: Sep 2005 Posts: 261 Rep Power: 4	Are you sure you've posted the right code? cos' the code posted above shouldn't even compile.

Jun 30th, 2006, 2:42 AM	#4
Jimbo Battle Programmer Join Date: Feb 2006 Location: Bellevue, WA, USA Posts: 754 Rep Power: 3	I stopped reading your code at the headers... I swear that <stdio.h> and <stdlib.h> were addressed in another thread. Change them to <cstdio> and <cstdlib>, respectively. [edit:] I was wrong. I noticed them but forgot to mention it... :o

Jun 30th, 2006, 5:06 PM	#9
DaWei Resident Grouch Join Date: Jun 2005 Posts: 6,453 Rep Power: 10	Getting rid of the 'goto ball' requires only a little bit of additional thinking on your part. Just reconsider the logic somewhat and it'll strengthen your programming. __________________ Abstraction doesn't make it impossible to write bad code; it makes it possible to write superior code. Contributor's Corner: Grumpy on C++ Exceptions DaWei on Pointers

Jun 30th, 2006, 7:57 PM	#10
grumpy Programming Guru Join Date: Jun 2005 Location: Adelaide, South Australia Posts: 1,207 Rep Power: 5	teencoder, you have a different definition of "not dangerous" than I do. Unexplained junk output is usually a symptom of something fairly nasty. If your variables are initialised, then the most obvious other cause of your original problem is pointer molestation (eg falling off the end of an array, writing to a NULL, etc) that is overwriting your variables. It strikes me that your approach to debugging is simply tweaking code until the symptoms of problem (seem to) go away. Given that you can't explain why your changes seem to have fixed the problem, I wouldn't have a lot of faith in your claim that the real problem is fixed. And I agree with Dawei: your use of goto in this case is easy to get rid of in a clean manner. I'd also suggest some effort into cleaning up your code so you can actually understand it. Unless you enjoy coming back to code a few months after you wrote it, thinking "what idiot wrote this?", and then realising .....

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Programming Forums > Application Development > C++

this is a weird output